Magna Carta | Defination, Clauses & Human Rights

Magna Carta Summary

King John issued the Magna Carta on 15 June 1215, Ad. Baron’s explicitly built this Charter for kings. According to this Charter, even the kings will have to follow the rules made for the ordinary people so that no king could take unfair advantage of his power.

Magna Carta 1215 and Human Rights

Magna Carta is the first such agreement in human history in which ordinary people are talked about and thought about. Before this agreement, no one thought about these everyday people; they did not have any rights, they did not exist, nor any more freedom and King considered everything only to the King.

Magna Carta proved very beneficial for the ordinary people by quoting human rights because, after this agreement, the kings must also follow the rules made for the ordinary people.

Magna Carta Definition

Magna Carta is a Latin word, Magna means Great, and Carta means Charter; hence Magna Carta is also called Great Charter. If you look at its history, King John was an evil king; he only got his word, was everything in his eyes, and did not believe anyone in front of him.

King John Taxes

King John used to take different types of taxes from his people without any reason, and for those who did not pay taxes, he used to catch them, put them in jail, and beat them to death.

Disturbed by this injustice, the people there surrounded London, and the barons rebelled and became a rebel. Then they all together seized London and forced King John to get justice; but now, after the siege of London, King John was forced to obey them.

Then Stephen Langtone (Atheological Roman) agreed with King John and Barons and signed the Peace Treaty, and this agreement is called Magna Carta.

Magna Carta Parliament

Some things were discussed in Magne Carta

1. Everyone is equal before the law, even King.

That is, there will be one law, and no one will be above that law. King John or no king will be above that law, and they will also have to obey the law. What happened earlier was that everything was King. There was no law on him. It was over with the advent of the Magna carte.

2. Guarantees the rights of individuals.

The people in this got the rights, who are individuals, and they discuss their rights.

The Clauses of Magna Carta

The original Magna Carta is written in Latin and contains 63 Clauses.

At Present, only three clauses are there.

1. Gives liberties to the state and rights to the church.

Whatever church or state is here, some rights have been given to them. They have some liberties.

2. Confirms liberties of the town.

It tells the liberty of towns that the towns of England are entirely free (Check the history of England). They also have some independence.

3. All People have the right to justice and free trial.

All the subjects are equal in the eyes of all the laws of Britain. They have the right to justice and the right to free trial.

Later the King disliked the terms and conditions of the signed peace treaty between rebels and the King in 1215. also, the church was against that treaty.

It was interesting that in 1215 the Magna Carta was signed, and King died in 1216.

Magna Carta 1225

In 1225, the second version of the Magna Carta came, which was brought by Henry III and was related to Taxes.

Significance

1. 1st Step towards establishing parliament democracy.
2. American bill of rights from Magna Carte.
3. Human rights Declaration.

1973 Constitution Of Pakistan Fundamentals Rights Also Driven By Magna Carte.

1. Article 10 A: – Rights to a fair trial
2. Article 25: Equality of citizens.

Main Features of the Magna Carta

1. King power limited

The power that the king had earlier has become limited, which means that whatever the king used to use his power earlier, take anyone as a prisoner, dictate anything to anyone, or take advantage of his power to force someone, It was now limited. And the concept of divine rights was over

2. the rule of law

The law will be supreme, the law will be equal for all and all the kings and ordinary people will also have to obey it.

3. Monarch Violate Rights + Liberties of citizens

In this, the people were given rights and the rights they would have. The Monarch would not be able to violate them, which means the property rights or the right of tax. The king cannot take possession of or disturb the things to which he is entitled. If the king has to take any action, he cannot take action without reason. Unless he has some basis or evidence, he will not be able to punish anyone.

4. Habeas corpus / Fair Trial

Habeas corpus is a Latin word. In this, people will have a right if someone tries to trap someone, then he will have the right to go to court and give his explanation so that they can defend himself. Now it will not happen that he will be given pulses in jail or punished without cleaning it.

5. Freedom, no Restriction

In this, no king can make any person enslaved person, cannot snatch his freedom, and no one can play with him.

6. Legal Rights

The people who have the rights will have to live their lives accordingly, and if they want to change something in their respective rights, then the people’s consent will be seen in it.

7. No Impose Taxes Without Consent of Barons

If the kings want to impose any tax, they will first have to agree with the bars, they will have to talk to them, and only after the bars are ready will they apply that tax. The king cannot increase or impose a tax without talking to the barons.

8. No Torture

King cannot imprison and torture anyone without any evidence.

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